Advantages of Kerberos
Disadvantages of Kerberos
Most conventional network services use password-based authentication schemes. Such schemes require a user to authenticate to a given network server by supplying their username and password. Unfortunately, the transmission of authentication information for many services is unencrypted. For such a scheme to be secure, the network has to be inaccessible to outsiders, and all computers and users on the network must be trusted and trustworthy. Even if this is the case, a network that is connected to the Internet can no longer be assumed to be secure. Any attacker who gains access to the network can use a simple packet analyzer, also known as a packet sniffer, to intercept usernames and passwords, compromising user accounts and the integrity of the entire security infrastructure. The primary design goal of Kerberos is to eliminate the transmission of unencrypted passwords across the network. If used properly, Kerberos effectively eliminates the threat that packet sniffers would otherwise pose on a network.
Disadvantages of Kerberos
Although Kerberos removes a common and severe security threat, it may be difficult to implement for a variety of reasons:
1.
Migrating user passwords from a standard UNIX password database, such as /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow, to a Kerberos password database can be tedious, as there is no automated mechanism to perform this task.
2.
Kerberos
has only partial compatibility with the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
system used by most Red Hat Enterprise Linux servers. Refer to "kerberos and pam" for more information about this issue.
3.
Kerberos
assumes that each user is trusted but is using an untrusted host on an untrusted
network. Its primary goal is to prevent unencrypted passwords from being
transmitted across that network. However, if anyone other than the proper user
has access to the one host that issues tickets used for authentication — called
the Key distribution center (KDC) -- the entire Kerberos authentication system is at risk.
4.
For
an application to use Kerberos, its source must be modified to make the
appropriate calls into the Kerberos libraries. Applications modified in this way are considered to be Kerberos-aware, or kerberized. For some applications, this can be quite problematic due to the size of the application or its design. For other incompatible applications, changes must be made to the way in which the server and client communicate. Again, this may require extensive programming. Closed-source applications that do not have kerberos support by default are often the most problematic.
5. Kerberos is an all-or-nothing solution. If Kerberos is used on the network, any unencrypted passwords transferred to a non-Kerberos aware service is at risk. Thus, the network gains no benefit from the use of Kerberos. To secure a network with Kerberos, one must either use Kerberos-aware versions of all client/server applications that transmit passwords unencrypted, or not use any such client/server application at all.
5. Kerberos is an all-or-nothing solution. If Kerberos is used on the network, any unencrypted passwords transferred to a non-Kerberos aware service is at risk. Thus, the network gains no benefit from the use of Kerberos. To secure a network with Kerberos, one must either use Kerberos-aware versions of all client/server applications that transmit passwords unencrypted, or not use any such client/server application at all.
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