Additional technologies continue to be developed to enhance x86 native virtualization performance.
Generation 2: MMU virtualization
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Manage mapping of Vm memory to host memory in hardware (“nested page tables”)
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Intel EPT / AMD RVI
Generation 3: I/O virtualization.
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Secure PCI pass-through: assign PCI devices directly to virtual machines ( Intel VT-d, AMD IOMMU).
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SR-IOV: Allow special PCI devices to be split into multiple virtual devices passed through to VMs.
“The enabling technology on the motherboard chipset is secure PCI pass-through; this allows physical PCI devices to be directly attached to virtual machines without exposing the hypervisor or other virtual machines to attacks through direct memory transfers or PCI bus snooping. This can deliver near-native I/O performance for virtual machines. On intel, this is called VT-d; on AMD, this is called IOMMU”
good but to add some video for clearness